本文介绍了好几种解决matplotlib中文显示问题的方法。
系统环境：
1st, install some Chinese fonts
在ubuntu下执行以下命令即可完成安装。
git clone https://github.com/tracyone/program_font && cd program_font && ./install.sh
Source:
https://github.com/monkey0105/program_font
2nd, delete matplotlib cache list
Delete file ~/.cache/matplotlib/fontList.py3k.cache
Use Ctrl+h to unhide the hidden files.
3rd, find available Chinese fonts both in matplotlib and ubuntu
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontManager
import subprocess
fm = FontManager()
mat_fonts = set(f.name for f in fm.ttflist)
output = subprocess.check_output(
'fc-list :lang=zh -f "%{family}\n"', shell=True)
output = output.decode('utf-8')
# print '*' * 10, '系统可用的中文字体', '*' * 10
# print output
zh_fonts = set(f.split(',', 1)[0] for f in output.split('\n'))
available = mat_fonts & zh_fonts
print('*' * 10, '可用的字体', '*' * 10)
for f in available:
print(f)
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
********** 可用的字体 **********
YouYuan
KaiTi
SimHei
FangSong
YaHei Consolas Hybrid
Yahei Mono
Microsoft YaHei
LiSu
4th, find the directory of matplotlib font files
import matplotlib matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()
'/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc'
If the output of the sentence above is
/home/katherine/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
Then the font file would be
/home/katherine/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/
If there is no available font in the output of 3rd step, you need to copy one into the font file directory.
This font file stands for font named YaHei Consolas Hybrid.
5th, edit file matplotlibrc
font.family : {zh_family}, serif
font.serif : {zh_family}, ..., serif
font.sans-serif: {zh_family}, ...
Copy one available font name, e.g. YaHei Consolas Hybrid, to the place of {zh_family}.
6th, check the result
%matplotlib inline
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from pylab import *
x = [2,4,6,8,10]
y = [1224,838,632,626,624]
xlabel(u"text for x轴")
ylabel(u"text for y轴")
title(u"x轴和Y轴对应关系")
plot(x,y)
savefig('test')
show()
Appendix
Method 1 - failed
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['YaHei Consolas Hybrid'] #plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 t = arange(-5*pi, 5*pi, 0.01) y = sin(t)/t plt.plot(t, y) plt.title(u'这里写的是中文') plt.xlabel(u'X坐标') plt.ylabel(u'Y坐标') plt.show()
from pylab import mpl mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['YaHei Consolas Hybrid'] # 指定默认字体 mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 t = arange(-5*pi, 5*pi, 0.01) y = sin(t)/t plt.plot(t, y) plt.title(u'这里写的是中文') plt.xlabel(u'X坐标') plt.ylabel(u'Y坐标') plt.show()
Method 2 - succeeded, but annoyed, and cannot do anything with axis tick label
from pylab import * myfont = matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/MyFonts/YaHei.Consolas.1.11b.ttf') mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False t = arange(-5*pi, 5*pi, 0.01) y = sin(t)/t plt.plot(t, y) plt.title(u'这里写的是中文',fontproperties=myfont) #指定字体 plt.xlabel(u'X坐标',fontproperties=myfont) plt.ylabel(u'Y坐标',fontproperties=myfont) plt.show()
Method in Seaborn
This method may succeed after succeed in matplotlib, and may fail if not.
import seaborn as sns sns.set(font='YaHei Consolas Hybrid')
